Keep those Tefillin black and square. Otherwise they are not kosher. If you would open a Torah scroll you would not find those requirements about Tefillin. In fact, you would barley see any details at all besides for an ambiguous verse about binding a sign to your arm and head...
So where do we know all these details from. The answer is that when G-d gave us the Torah, alongside the written text he gave over many details orally to Moshe Rabeinu. These are called “Halacha LeMoshe MeSinai – The law given to Moses at Mt Sinai.” Part of our belief in the divinity of the Torah is that the oral tradition is divine as well.
So, the written Torah tells us to put on Tefillin. How exactly we do that we know from the Oral law. So the colour and shape, are exactly the way G-d wants them to be.